Some Reasons to Move from City to Countryside

                                                             

    It is a life cycle that when I was young I hated being a framer and I determined to pursue higher education  and work in the modern city. Recently, I quitted my good-salary job from modern city  to become a farmer. It sounds ridiculous to leave the city to live in a remote area. In fact, I decided to move from Phnom Penh to Mondulkiri province which is 360 kilometers from the capital city. What are the reasons that I left my beautiful flat and job at city? 

    What bothers me the most when I lived in Phnom Penh city was traffic. Many people take the car everyday and it has also been proved that the majority of the families have at least two cars. This means that I have to deal with rush-hour traffic on your way to work and on your way back. My workplace was about 10 kilometers from my home but it took me one hour to two hours by car and 30 minutes to 45 minutes by motor in the early morning. I sometimes got stuck in traffic jam for four to five hours. However, on the weekend, the traffic was better because people don't go to work and students don't go to school. 

    Another negatives of living the city is pollution. There are two big pollution in my neighborhood noise pollution and air pollution. I had a problem with my neighbor who play loud music. I told them to turn down the music several times and they did not listen. Finally I found a lawyer and my he recommended me to report that case to local police. The police came to explain my neighbors and they stopped playing loud music. However, other neighbors usually enjoy singing loud karaoke at night. In addition, I had to inhale the bad air everyday causing by the smoke from the cars. 

      There is always more crime in a big city, causing me second case my decision for living in a big city. I am much more likely to be a victim of a crime living in a big city than in a small town. Burglary and pickpocket happen very often in my neighborhood. I was once a victim of a crime. I was pickpocket on the way to work. I lost some document and home keys in my bag. I had to change some keys in my house and it costed me about 300 dollars. 

    

To sum up, living in a big city has some significant negatives. I have lived the city since 2016. I don't want go back and live in the city anymore. Personally, I believe that the benefits of enjoying the city-life and the comfort of having shops at every corner, eventually overweigh the negatives. 

This article is originally published at https://khminglish.blogspot.com Please note that NO article on this blog may be copied or reproduced in any form without prior permission.
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are just to express feeling or emotion of author and to publish articles for sharing everybody to read and reflect upon their lives.

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How to prepare for NIE entrance exam (English)?

   

 I had never dreamed of becoming a public high school teacher. However, after working as a part-time English teacher at public and private universities for five years, I decided to pursue a teaching position at a public high school. To become a high school English teacher, I had to pass the entrance examination and attend a one-year training course at the National Institute of Education (NIE). After completing the training and a two-month practicum, I officially became a high school teacher in 2020. In this essay, I will share my experience of preparing for the entrance exam at NIE.

First, I closely followed announcements from the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports (MoEYS). I liked the MoEYS Facebook page and set notifications to ensure I would see announcements immediately. Additionally, I followed the Facebook pages of Teacher of Cambodia and former NIE trainees. These pages provided helpful information, including updates about the number of teachers being recruited and the positions available. I also reached out to former classmates who had completed their training at NIE, and they shared valuable insights about the examination.

                                                        credited too freepik.com

    Second, I gathered relevant documents from various sources. I started by reviewing materials from my Bachelor's degree (BA) program, including subjects like language proficiency, applied linguistics, teaching methodology, and academic writing. Next, I visited bookstores in Bak Tuk to purchase guides on preparing for the NIE exam. I also searched online on Google and Facebook, finding many past exam papers for both English and general knowledge. Since I was busy with my job at the time, I decided to focus on reviewing these old exams and the documents I had found online.

    Third, I selected and categorized the most relevant documents and printed them out, organizing them from the most recent to the oldest. I had limited free time because I was working at three universities simultaneously, so I allocated my time accordingly: 20% for studying general knowledge, 30% for practicing past exams, and 50% for spending time with my family. I had a two-year-old daughter, and it was important for me to dedicate time to her.  

   Finally, I focused on self-study, particularly on general knowledge and English. I noticed that the general knowledge questions were often taken from previous exams. Luckily, I had reviewed these past papers several times before taking the test, so I was able to answer the questions confidently and finished the exam an hour early. However, I was not allowed to leave the room until the exam time was up. The English portion of the exam was relatively easy for me since I had been teaching English for five years. The English test included sections on vocabulary, grammar, reading, and writing. The vocabulary section consisted of key terms, many of which I was familiar with due to my Master's degree (MA) studies at the Institute of Foreign Languages (IFL). The grammar section, like the general knowledge test, was based on past exams.

    In conclusion, passing the entrance exam at NIE was not a difficult task for me. Although my high school was only supposed to recruit one English teacher, two of us were selected. We completed our training at NIE in September 2020 and are now teaching English at the same school. However, applying to schools in the city can be very competitive.

Updated: In 2023, MoEYS has already transformed a bachelor + 1 program to a bachelor + 2 program.  I believe that the exams will be different from previous ones, so future candidates should prepare even harder for the entrance exam. Good luck!  

Link to download document for exam preparation

This article is originally published at https://khminglish.blogspot.com Please note that NO article on this blog may be copied or reproduced in any form without prior permission.
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are just to express feeling or emotion of author and to publish articles for sharing everybody to read and reflect upon their lives.

       

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Comparison Essays

    You make comparisons between things all the time, for example, whenever you have to make a decision. What will you eat for breakfast, cereal or a bagel! Where will you live, in an apartment or a dormitory? What will you study at the university, physics or mathematics? In order to make your decision, you look at the merits of each choice. You compare their differences and similarities. Then you choose the best option.

What Is a Comparison Essay? 

    In a comparison essay, you compare things. The subjects of this kind of essay are two ideas that are related in some way. You can focus on the similarities between the two things, on the differences, or on both the similarities and the differences. Your goal is to show your readers how these subjects are similar or different, what their strengths and weaknesses are, or what their advantages and disadvantages are.

    Like other essays, the comparison essay has an introductory paragraph that contains :ahook and a thesis statement, three or four body paragraphs, and a concluding para- graph. (See Unit 1 for a review of the structure of an essay.) 

PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION 

There are two basic ways to organize a comparison essay, the block method and the point-by-point method. 

Block Method 

    With the block method, you present one subject and all its points of before you do the same for the second subject. With this organization, you discuss each subject completely without interruption. 

    Here is an example of the organization of a comparison essay about the social behavor of Russians and Americans. 

Introduction                         paragraph 1                                   hook, thesis

Body                                    paragraphs 2-3                              Russian social behavior 

                                                                                                         • at parties 

                                                                                                         • in school 

                                                                                                         • at home 

                                                paragraphs 4-5                           American social behavior

                                                                                                       • at parties 

                                                                                                        • in school 

                                                                                                        • at home 

Conclusion                         paragraph 6                                    restated thesis, opinion

Point-By-Point Method

 

    With the point-by-point method, you present both subjects under one point of com- parison before moving on to the next point. Here is an example of the topic of the social behavior of Russians and Americans, organized with the point-by-point method. 

Introduction                       paragraph 1                         hook, thesis. 

Body                                 paragraph 2                         At parties 

                                                                                      • Russian social 

                                                                                      • American social behavior

 

                                        paragraph 3                         In school

                                                                                       • Russian social behavior 

                                                                                       • American social behavior                     

                                        paragraph 4                              At home 

                                                                                       • Russian social behavior 

                                                                                      • American social behavior

Conclusion                      paragraph 5                            restated thesis, opinion 

    With both the point-by-point and the block method, the writer sometimes ends with an opinion as to which of the two subjects is preferable. 

CHOOSING A METHOD OF ORGANIZATION 

How do you know which method of organization is better for your comparison essay? Consider the following information about each method.

Block method. 

    •You develop each subject completely, without interruption. 

    • It may be difficult for readers to see the parallel points of comparison between your two subjects. Some rereading or more critical reading of cer- tain parts of the essay may be necessary. 

Point-by point method: 

    • Both subjects are presented in each paragraph, so readers go back and forth between the two subjects. 

    • The parallel points of comparison may be easier to see. * As you decide which method to use, consider your subjects (how complex are they!), your readers (which method will make it easier for them to follow these particular subjects?), and your writing style (which method are you mote comfortable with?). 

EXAMPLE COMPARISON ESSAY

A good way to lead how to write a comparison essay is to study an example.

Not As Different As You Think (block method)

        All countries in the world are unique. They are different from one another in location, size, culture, government, climate, and lifestyles. However, many countries share similarities. Some may think that because Brazil and the United States are in different hemispheres, these two nations have nothing in common. On the contrary, they share many similarities.

     One important similarity is their size. Both Brazil and the United States are large countries. Brazil covers almost half of the South American continent. Few Brazilians can say that they have traveled extensively within its borders. Because of Brazil's large Size, its weather varies greatly from one area to another. Like Brazil, the United States takes u a significant portion of its continent (North America), so most Americans have vi ited only a few of the fifty states. In addition, the United States has a wide range oi climates. While the Northeast is experiencing snowstorms, cities like Miami, Florida, can have temperatures over 85 degrees Fahrenheit. 

    

    Another similarity between Brazil and the United States is the diversity of ethnic groups, Brazil was colonized by Europeans, and its culture has been greatly influenced by this fact. However, the identity of the Brazilian people is not solely a product of Western civilization. Brazil is a "melting pot" of many ethnic groups that immigrated there and mixed with the native people. The United States also has a diversity of ethnic groups representing the early colorists from northern Europe as well as groups from Africa, the Mediterranean, Asia, and South America. The mixture of cultures and customs has worked to form ethnically rich cultures in both countries. 

    Finally, individualism is an important value for both Brazilians and Americans. Brazil works hard to defend the concept of freedom of choice. Citizens believe that they have the right to do and be whatever they desire as long as they don't hurt others. Individualism and freedom of choice also exist in the United States, where freedom is perhaps the highest value of the people. Some may believe that the desire for individual expres.ion is divisive and can make a country weak. However, the ability of people to be whatever they want makes both countries strong. 

    Although Brazil and the United States are unique countries, there are remarkable similar ties in their size, ethnic groups, and personal values. Some people tend to believe that their culture and country are without equal. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that people as a whole have more in common than they generally think they do.

hemisphere: one half of the world

extensively: widely; over a large area

climate: the usual weather of a region over a period of time

solely: only; entirely 

individualism:  the belief that each person works for his or her own goals

concept: idea

        Education in the East and the West (Point-by-Point method)

        Americans have often asked me why I came from Taiwan to study in the United States, They expect me to say something like "to learn English." However, to me, coming here to study involves more than just learning English. It involves an opportunity to experience a completely different educational system. Because I have studied in both countries, I have seen several areas in which education in Taiwan and education in the United States are different.

 

        

     Students' expectations in the classroom in Taiwan are different from those in the United States. Generally speaking, Taiwanese students are quieter and participate less in class. They are not encouraged to express their ideas unless asked. They are taught that asking teachers a question is seen as a challenge to the teacher's authority: There is little emphasis on developing student creativity and thinking skills. Students are expected to memorize everything they are assigned. However, in the United States the curriculum emphasizes individual thinking, group discussion, and self-expression. Unlike their Taiwanese counterparts, American students are encouraged to ask questions, express their own opinions, and think for themselves. 

        In addition, there is a great disparity in the educational goals of Taiwanese and American schools. After twelve years of compulsory education, Taiwanese students have to pass an entrance exam in order to get into a university. The higher students score on this test, the better the university they can enter. Taiwanese culture puts a strong emphasis on university admission because geeing into the right university can guarantee future success. As a result, schools often "teach to the test" instead of providing more moral, social, and physical education In contrast, the goals of the American educational system include the ding students how to lean and helping them reach their maximum potential. American teachers give their students the freedom to think and solve problems on their own, they do not merely prepare students to answer questions for an entrance exam.

        The last obvious difference between the two countries educational systems is the role of extracurricular activities such as sports programs and special interest club5. Even though every Taiwanese school claims that it pays equal attention to moral, Intellectual, and physical education. the real focus is on passing the university admissions exam. Little emphasis is placed on activities outside of the classroom. Teachers can even borrow time from extracurricular activities to give students more practice in the areas where they have weaknesses. On the other hand, American educational institutions consider the development of social and interpersonal skills as important as the development of intellectual skills. It is believed that by participating in these outside activities, students can demonstrate their special talents, level of maturity, and leadership qualities. 

        Education is vital to everyone's future success. While it may take ten years to grow a tree, a sound educational system may take twice as long to take root. Although Taiwan and the United States have different educational systems, both Countries have the same ultimate goal: to educate their citizens as well as they can. This goal can be reached only if people take advantage of all the educational opportunities given to them. That is why I came to the United States to study, grow, and become a better person

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How to make rice wine?

 Rice Wine, which are produced from the hydrolytic breakdown products of rice starches, is a popular alcoholic beverage and it became an important food of human society worldwide. Rice wine is not used for drinking but it is also used for medicine. For the processing of rice wine is not complicate and it has many steps that is easy for everybody can make it. 

Firstly, the raw materials (rice) should be high quality of rice or starch. Rice was weighted according to the purpose and storage in tank for cleaning with water 2 to 3 times. for remove the dust, the solid, stone, insects, some of microorganism on the surface, and physical on the rice that can cause the raw material became softer. Before go to the next process, we have to soak the rice overnight to absorb the water. 

Secondly, steaming process is the step that we must take raw material to steam at 121 °C and for 15 to 20 min. The steamed rice was taken out from the pan and placed on a bamboo mat. The steamed rice was spread thinly on the mat for cooling. Steamed rice was cooled at room temperature while the temperature was decreased between 35 to 38 °C Next, it is suitable for mixing starter culture yeast (Dom Bae) by spraying on the surface of the steamed rice. For preparing Dom Bae, we have to crush the Dom Bac (yeast ball), take the yeast ball and place it in a small bowl. Use a pestle or the bottom of a large spoon to crush the yeast ball. Break apart the ball until it has become a fine powder. After crushing the yeast, sprinkle it evenly over the rice. Toss using the hands or a spoon to integrate and combine the yeast with the rice. 

After that, steam rice mixed and Dom Bae was put in the cups and ferments it without water 2 days and with water 2 days. The process of fermentation is about 2-3days in pot by covering with the container avoided permeating the oxygen. The purpose of this process is to convert the glucose to the alcohol, which consists in the biotransfomation of grape sugar (glucose and fructose) into the ethanol and carbon dioxide. After fermenting one day, the water is added 20-25L into the pot without stirring the content and it was continued to the fermentation for 2-3days before distillation.

For next process is distillation, which is evaporable liquor from fermented liquid fermented was boiled in the vessel Verna. Put the fermented liquid and solid of cooked rice mixed with Dom Bae and water into the distillation pan. After one hour, the suspension becomes hot because of the fire. The First drop-clouded liquor with the sediment may be in 5 or 10 min about 1-2L, the transparent sraa was observed and it became clouded again. Use glass bottle to keep sra sor. The vapor was led to the water cooler to be liquefied and collected to the plastic bottle. The alcohol beverage is contained about 50% alcohol and store at room temperature. 

To sum up, the Rice Wine liquor process is divided into four steps: rice cooking (Steaming), mixing of cooked rice with Dom Bae, fermented with water and without water and distillation. We can use this process to make rice wine in your home, it is easy to make, and we can add flavor in rice wine by yourself. In addition, I would like to suggest all Cambodian and other people should follow by this process because it will make our product with a good flavor, taste, aroma, texture with long shelf life also.

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The positive effects of computer on the intellectual development of children.

 The introduction of the computer has a remarkable effect on young children. Today, computers have become common and most children are owing one. Thus, children are getting closer to computers at home, at school, and in any other setting. The traditional ways of learning have changed, as computers now play an important role in childhood development. Therefore, computers are beneficial for children in some ways.

Children are surrounded by modern technology. Their computers are used to connect to Internet  and it is also important to improve kid’s learning. First, many excellent educational software programs exist to help children learn. These programs can help improve a child's skill in a number of different critical areas, including vocabulary, math, logical thinking, typing, history and so on. These programs make learning easier and faster than other traditional methods such as textbooks or oral lectures. For instant, The DragonBox series are a set of educational games that help kids learn basic math fundamentals. There are five learning apps for kids in total. A few apps deal with algebra and geometry. All five of them deal with numbers to some extent.

Second, computers also change the way that children are educated at school. They receive more homework online. They have homepage to ask question or receive answers from either friends or teachers. The computer which accesses to internet provides students with a myriad of extra resources beside their textbooks for knowledge. For example, less books and notebooks to be carried. With less books and notebooks to carry around each day, there is less of a chance that materials will be forgotten or left behind. This means that students can no longer disrupt lessons because they arrive to class unprepared, or fall behind because they forgot to bring their books home with them.

Children who used computers and the Internet at an early age have a tendency to do better in class than those who don't. Computers literacy is becoming an essential skill, as almost every school in the country has computers. This will also be important later in life, as computers play an increasingly large role in our lives.

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Differences between football and boxing

Not everyone likes playing the same sport, if so, there would be only one type of sports in our lives. Obviously, everyone was born to be unique in term of interest, characteristics, and lifestyle…etc. Sport, for instance, can show the uniqueness through the type you choose and the way you play. There are plenty of sports which people are taking these day; some are friendly, some are competitive and others may be a violent one. Meanwhile, there are two quite different types among the most popular sports, namely

football and boxing.

The primary thing about the differences is the solidarity and independency of the sportsmen. Football, practically, the spirit of this sport is to create a sense of solidarity in your team. It takes 11 players working and communicating together to be successful. Every single player’s contribution is very important to the team. The whole team cannot depend on only a greatest player because we play 11 against 11 players on the field, even though you are a great player but you cannot beat those players by your own efforts without your teammates’ collaboration. All football players should be trained in the same training camp under coaching of the same coach for a period of time before a game start. 

Unlike the football, boxing requires a strong sense of independency of its sportsmen. You learn to fight alone against your opponent without helping from other people during the match. Thus, to be self-confidence, maintain your mood and to defend your body by own efforts is the key to survive and succeed in this toughest sport. There is a great disparity of characteristics in the match between the two sports. Every level of people can watch and play football no matter how young or old they are, whether male or female, normal people or patients, that’s because football is a peaceful sport. In contrast, the boxing seems brutally violent because the competitor must fight his/her opponents by throwing more punches, more powerful to weaken them and eventually make them fall down in order to beat them. According to this, it’s not suitable for children, pregnant women, heart-disease people to watch such violent match.

The last but not least difference between the two sports is the physical strength. To become a great footballer, you need to be trained to be dynamic and full of tactics along with an acceptable strong body. You are just able to run at a high speed with your strong body and use tactics to manage the ball, that’s enough. However, the boxer need to come across very difficult physical training. They are trained to resist the force from punching from their opponents without significant physical hurt and fight them back. It takes hours in the gym and years to develop the specific characteristics needed to be a great boxer Even though football and boxing have many differences, but both sports requires sportsmen’s interest and determination to be successful. Although we are interested in different types of sport, we should give value to them all even not your favorite ones.

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The Negative Effects of Using Facebook for Cambodian Students

Facebook is one of the most popular social medias on the internet. In this site, billions of people from different countries all over the world are using it. As we known, while Facebook has many benefits on us, but it also has many negative effects on our life too. In fact, the negative effect of using Facebook for Cambodian students, there are several main points such as eyes problem and effect on health, wasted times and money, depression, weakening long distance relationship, no concentrate on studying and lazier.

Once we started on Facebook, you tried to check your friend’s account, watched clip video or read your friend’s status every day and you spent too much times on it even at night, it causes made your eyes problem. If you are looking at the phone or computer screen the whole day you probably no feel to sleep and your tear fall also. Using Facebook too much can make you blink less because of our phone screen or computer screen also. In addition, it affects to your health too such sleep late at night make you no power, you feel headache because of you’re watching too much and make your brain thinking less also.

The second point is wasting time. Students will waste their time by spending of our time on Facebook everyday doing silly things such as reading your friends status messages or trying to comment on everyone status. Then you will download picture of your friends or your family. Also, you try to find a best picture to change your profile for this day. Also, you will spend hours by looking to your friend picture and leave a funny comment for them on every pictures. Before, we online we have to pay money for our phone like you charge the money. So, most of your time and your money will be spending in playing with your friends on Facebook. That is the useless things that we did every day.

Third point, starting on Facebook sometimes depends on your feeling.  If you feel good it isn’t the problem, but if you check Facebook while you are sad, it will make you depression. Example, while you feel alone like your family ignore you and then you saw your friend’s Facebook post with their family, you will feel depressed by using Facebook. In addition, you also got jealous while you are checking on it such your friend’s birthday, then their parents buy new phone for her birthday and she posted it, so you will feel jealous in your mind and you must be thinking about that thing why isn’t you. It is the negative thing

for us that using Facebook.

Fourth point, using Facebook also makes us losse long distance relationship. If you were in relationship with someone, you chat to each other every day, but one day you got chat from your Facebook’s friend. Then he chats to you every day you both are getting involve new relationship, and one day your partner will something wrong with you. You and your partner will get long distend.

The last, playing Facebook everyday became to your habit, you will feel lazy and don’t want to do anything. Example: your teacher asked you to do homework, but you have excuse on yourself because you are busy with your Facebook so that made you no concentrating on your studying. Likewise, during you are studying but your phone is online and you scroll Facebook or play chat or comment with your friend, it is the reason that make you don’t pay attention with teacher are teaching so you will skip your lessons and one day you will low grade also, because of using Facebook during studying. These is the negative

effect for all of us.

In conclusion, using Facebook definitely comes with negative effects, but not everyone who uses the site is affected. As the reason above that explain about negative effects of using Facebook for Cambodians students. I just want all Cambodian students use it with positive things. We should be able to use the site responsibly by not posting too much information and not spending too much time on Facebook.

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Phnom Bourkor

 I think we all have a beautiful place in our mind. I have a wonderful place that made me happy a lot of time, year ago. But sometime I think that I am the only person who likes this place and I’m asking myself if this place will be beautiful as I thought when I will back to visit it again. Perhaps I made it beautiful in my mind. This place is meaningful to me because it is part of the country I loved, is part of the country where was born and is part of my childhood. This place is in the South-west of the country, it is the highest mountain in Kampot province. 

It is Named Monivong Bokor National park, nowadays people called it Thansuor Bokor or Phnom Bokor. It is about twelve kilometers west of Kampot province town. Phnom Bokor was first discovered by a group of foreigners in twentieth century and later organized by Frenchman named Toulouse, during the reign of king Sisowath. During colonial time, Phnom Bokor was a place of leisure for the French colonists looking for an alternative to the coastal plain. During then-Prince Norodom Sihanouk’s Sangkum Reaser Niyum regime, many public buildings were built here, and Phnom Bokor became a small town, Borie Bokor. 

Today, most of those buildings are dilapidated and no longer for use. For the ride, for the scenery, for the cool mountain air, for the adventure, for relaxation. All good reasons to travel the the top of Bokor Mountain. 32 kilometers and 1,101 meters up from road 3 near Kampot, is the Bokor Mountain Hill Station, in Bokor National Park. Originally a small resort town, it is now an abandoned ghost town and National Park. Except for the many tourist and Park personnel, and a few hundred construction workers that is. Most famous for the abandoned Casino at the top of the mountain, there is also a church, buildings for the former king. When you arrived the Phnom Bokor, you would have a wonderful experience when visit the beauty of nature here with a number of animals and plants such as elephants, tigers, foxes and monkeys, so on. Walking at the top of the Phnom Bokor is an old temple that you can visit its interior and observe a spectacular view from the top of this hill.

In conclusion, I really enjoy this place too much. Although I have gone this 3 or 4 time, I don’t feel bored even I want to go more than before. I wanna say I love this place. I have feeling pleasure where this place in my province.

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The causes and effect of water pollutions

Water pollution has become a growing concern over the last century
as more and more waste are being disposed of in our oceans, rivers and
lakes. This increase in pollution is harming our food supplies, drinking
water and environment. It is also creating issues in the oceans ecosystem
and hurting the animals and plant life that rely on the ocean and rivers for
their survival. What is water pollution? Water pollution is caused by the
intentional or unintentional release of toxic chemicals/materials,
contaminants and harmful compounds into various bodies of water such as
rivers, lakes and the ocean. Without proper disposal or filtration of these
pollutants they can spread throughout the water and effect all living
animals and organisms that come into contact with it by contaminating any
living thing that requires water for survival.
Water pollution may be caused by the intentional or unintentional
disposal of hazardous chemicals and materials into a body of water.
Rainfall may cause polluted landscapes to disperse their poisonous
materials into the water and poison the surrounding water. Water pollution
may also be caused by specific points or contributing factors such as large
factories, oil refineries, construction sites, chemical waste management
facilities, dump sites and other large-scale operations that store/produce
large amounts of chemical/hazardous waste.
Water pollution may be affected by the toxic rainfall that can occur
in areas where water and/or air is polluted with toxic chemicals and
materials. Polluted water can lead to sickness, disease, infections,
deformities and even death among animals and plant life. Once water
becomes polluted it can affect people and animals either directly through
consumption or indirectly through food sources, land degradation and the
overabundance of plants and algae which can cover the surface of various
bodies of water making it undrinkable and affecting the animals that live
in that body of water.
Therefore, water pollution is indeed a very serious concern because
it not only has an impact on health and but also can have negative effects
on various industries and agriculture. It is therefore highly important to
devise methods to reduce the level of water pollution that we are currently
facing.

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“Describe the qualities of two kinds of professions”

 Nowadays, job is needed for people’s daily living. There always have a gap
between two different kinds of job which people have to consider and choose it carefully.
However those two different kinds of job that people think, there are many same
characteristics for example a doctor and a soldier. The obvious similarities between these
two are mentioned by the willingness for their job, working environment and the finance-
condition.
One important similarity is the willingness for their job. People who are in these
two kind work hard to their nation. Every single person of the society sleeps sound,
parties hard and enjoy complete because we have soldiers always prepare to protect the
very existence of the society. They posted in all the war fronts of the country such as stay
sharp and vigilant all the time. Likewise, a doctor though very important part of our society,
who learns all about the human body, the physiology and anatomy to save our lives as we say, to
help us in recover from all the illness and the trauma.
The similarity between doctor and soldier is working environment. Soldiers work
along the border or in forest sometime. The place where they stay up is dangerous. They
are facing with illness and the death all times such Malaria, land mine. In contrast, doctor
might work in an operation room which more comfortable than in the forest. On the hand,
doctor work in a pressured room. They must be carefully everything to save a patient.
They also face with illness and the death all times which transmitted from patients.
Finally, finance condition is also the important thing for both jobs. As we see,
nowadays the most soldiers in the currently in our society are poor with a low-salary.
And they live far from the city so they family such their wife or children cannot go to
work for support their family. Fortunately, doctor has a high-salary compared to soldier


but this profession cannot make them rich. Some countries don’t allow you to create a
business such as hospital or clinic. Everything is base on the law and if you still want to
open your own business, you must complete the complex requirement which the
government needs. So you can only work in hospital which belongs to government.
Although people say that doctor is obviously different from soldier, there are
many similarities which are mentioned in the willingness for their job, working
environment and the finance-condition. Moreover, it is important to remember that both
of these two professions play an important role to our society such as saving life as well
as peaceful for our country.

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The process of designing condominium

 There is a significant development in infrastructure these days in Cambodia since many new
buildings had appeared during the last decades. Cambodian people are more likely to live in the
condominium rather than the apartment, flat or residential block. Consequently, condominium are
increasing more and more in the city, especially they are not only beautiful but also livable. In order to
build a condominium, it is required some vital steps in designing which are responsible by the architects.
First of all, it is about studying the project and functioning it. The designer must know where the
project will take place as it is extremely important for analyzing the site location. For example, if a
condominium is planned to build, being an architect should examine the location clearly to know about
the strengths of the area, also the weakness, the opportunity and the last thing is the threats to deal with.
After that, functioning is also an indispensable task. Designers should use the space to its optimum as
they have to design floor plans at this stage. All types of rooms must be carefully divided and comfortable
to live in. For instance, designer need to know how many rooms that can be put in a unit and where they
are located. Another thing is a landscape of the condominium like the swimming pool, gym area and
green space.
Moreover, drafting the concept also plays a very important role for designing the condominium.
Most of the famous building in the world are well-known due to their concepts. Concept is an invention
of idea toward a project. Animals, plants and geometry forms are the good examples that are mostly used
to create or propose the concepts. In addition, after finishing the concept, they are able to start to develop
their elevations of the building. In this stage, they have to design each view such as right, left, rear and
front. Normally, they ought to be skillful in computer programs. Using the graphic design is easier to see
whether the whole building is nice-looking and acceptable or not. When the first draft is completed, it is
time for the developer to present or indicate the plans and concepts below to customer.
Last but not least, after discussing with customer, the designer must produce the final draft and a
complete information within the project. There must be some controversy over the opinions or ideas on
the project. For instance, the owner somehow does not like the function of the rooms since they are kind
of small and unusable. Therefore, architect needs to bring out the solutions or new ideas without
disturbing other parts of the work too much. Then they again have to show what they had changed to
owner and decide for a final draft. In this part, all the information’s and data’s such as the floor plans,
elevations, sections, details and others must be sum together into a book and give it to engineer to start
the construction.
To sum up, designing condominium is not an easy thing since a lot of steps are taking. To my
mind, being an architect is holding a high responsibility. What they design must be comfortable,
attractive, sustainable and livable. If they were not to do this, it would cause adversely affects to not only
the users but also the environment and communities.

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